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193 clicksThe matrix itself has good toughness, is resistant to -40℃, is oil-resistant and hydrolysis-resistant, and has stable dimensions.
The shortcoming of pure PA1010: rigidity, low heat distortion temperature (1.8MPa HDT ≈ 55℃), and significant modulus decay at high temperatures.
When PA1010 is used for reinforcement modification, the main line of industrialization is short glass fiber reinforcement (GF15–GF50), supplemented by carbon fibers, mineral powder, and nano-fillers in synergy.
By reinforcing with glass fibers and carbon fibers, the rigidity, strength, heat resistance, and anti-rheology can be significantly improved; however, after reinforcement, the impact and elongation rates decrease, and a complementary toughening, coupling, and thermal stability system must be provided otherwise it is prone to brittleness.
1. Long carbon chains have good flexibility, and its native impact strength is higher than that of PA6/PA66. After being reinforced with glass fibers, its toughness decreases more slowly than that of PA6.
2.Low water absorption → The glass fibers and interface are less prone to hydrolysis, and the strength retention rate after wet heat aging is better than that of PA6-GF;
3.Low melting point (<205℃) → The processing energy consumption is lower than that of PA66, but the thermal oxidation window is narrow, and the requirements for screw temperature and antioxidant system are stricter.
4.Biobased source (castor oil route) → The carbon footprint is low, and it has an advantage in vehicle-grade/electronic brand procurement.
II. Enhancing the material classification
1. Short glass fiber reinforcement (most common)
Glass fiber selection
Type: Silane coupling agent treated non-alkali short-cut glass fibers, length 3-6 mm, diameter 10-13 μm; amino silane KH-550, ensuring interface bonding strength; poor interface will directly cause a sharp decline.
Filler content: Commonly used are 20%, 30%, 35%, 50% GF; industrial standard is 30% GF; 50% GF is used for ultra-high rigidity structural components, with reduced fluidity and high wear.
2. Carbon fiber reinforced PA1010
Filler: 15-30% short-cut carbon fibers; higher modulus and strength, weight reduction, conductivity, wear resistance; cost is much higher than glass fibers.
Features: Excellent friction and wear resistance, suitable for gears, sliding friction parts; but the impact further decreases, a toughening agent must be added.
Disadvantages: Can only be black; causes severe wear on the screw; high price, rarely used in ordinary structural components.
3. Composite reinforcement (glass fiber + elastomer, engineering high-frequency)
The biggest pain point of PA1010-GF: Glass fibers introduce notch sensitivity, prone to cracking at low temperatures under impact.
Glass fiber + POE-g-MAH: The most mature, ensuring rigidity while improving low-temperature notch impact, mainstream solution for automotive chassis, connector housings.
Glass fiber + a small amount of aramid fibers mixed in: Improves impact resistance and wear resistance, high cost.
Glass fiber + 2-3% nano montmorillonite: Slightly increases modulus and barrier properties, limited impact gain, less use.
4. Flame retardant modification (reinforcement + flame retardant)
Halogen-free phosphorus-nitrogen V0: Suitable for electronics and new energy; note that glass fibers will damage thin sample flame retardancy, 0.8-1.0 mm sample strips must confirm V0.
Red phosphorus flame retardant: Can only be black, low cost; mostly used in non-visible parts of automobiles.
Reinforced nylon system, the flame retardant will further reduce impact, the amount of toughening agent needs to be moderately increased.
III. Advantages, Disadvantages and Comparison (PA1010-GF vs PA66-GF vs PA12) Advantages
The water absorption rate is lower than that of PA66-GF. Under humid conditions, the modulus and dimensional stability are better.
The low-temperature toughness is superior to PA66-GF, and it still has good impact resistance at -30℃.
It is more resistant to hydrolysis and coolant than PA66-GF; it is a bio-based low-carbon material.
The density is lower than that of PA66-GF, and it is lighter under the same amount of glass fibers.
Disadvantages
The melting point and heat distortion are slightly lower than those of PA66-GF, and the maximum long-term usage temperature is slightly lower.
The raw material price is higher than that of PA66.
After glass fiber reinforcement, it is still sensitive to gaps and must be reinforced.
It is not suitable for extruded corrugated pipes, as the glass fibers will lose their bending rebound.
IV. Typical Applications
Automobile: Cooling fluid connectors, chassis brackets, valve bodies, connector housings (requiring resistance to hydrolysis in humid and hot conditions).
Electronics: Enclosures for high-voltage components (enhanced + halogen-free V0).
Mechanics: Wear-resistant gears, sliding bushings.
Not Applicable: Elastomeric tubes, hoses, etc. (products requiring repeated bending and extrusion).
V. Performance Turning Points and Selection Comparison
|
Reinforcement System |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
HDT (°C) @1.8MPa |
Notched Izod Impact (kJ/m²) |
Flexibility / Bendability |
Relative Cost Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Neat PA1010 |
55–65 |
55–60 |
40–60* |
Excellent |
1.0 (Base) |
|
PA1010-GF15 |
90–110 |
120–135 |
12–18 |
Good (Suitable for corrugated tubes) |
0.85 |
|
PA1010-GF30 |
130–160 |
150–170 |
8–12 |
Moderate |
0.75 |
|
PA1010-GF30 + POE-g-MAH 5% |
120–140 |
140–155 |
13–16 |
Moderately Good |
0.78 |
|
PA1010-GF10 + Talc 15% |
85–100 |
115–130 |
10–14 |
Good |
0.7 |
|
PA1010-CF30 |
180–220 |
180–200 |
6–9 |
Poor |
2.2 |
* The above information is for reference only and may not fully match your target product. Please share your specific requirements, and we will assist you with material selection.
