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1. PA6 (Nylon 6)
Core Properties: High toughness, excellent impact resistance and easy processing; relatively high water absorption (~1.8%) and ordinary dimensional stability; melting point: 220℃.
Automotive Applications
Powertrain: Air filter housings, cooling fans & brackets, glass fiber reinforced valve covers
Body & Interior: Door handles, wheel covers, fuel tank caps, instrument panel brackets, rearview mirror housings
Electrical System: Fuse boxes, lamp housings, cable ties, connector shells
Common Modifications: PA6+10-15%GF, PA6+20-25%GF, PA6+30%GF
2. PA66 (Nylon 66)
Core Properties: Superior strength and heat resistance to PA6, melting point 260℃; outstanding oil and chemical resistance; water absorption ~1.3%, higher processing temperature required.
Automotive Applications (Core material for engine compartment)
Powertrain: Intake manifolds, cylinder head covers, oil pans, radiator water chambers, thermostat housings
Chassis & Transmission: Brake booster housings, steering column components, gears, bearing retainers
Electrical & Safety Parts: High-voltage connectors, ECU housings, airbag casings, bumper skeletons
Common Modifications: PA66+30%GF, mineral-filled low-warpage PA66, PA6/66 copolymer
3. PA610
Core Properties: Low water absorption (~0.4%), stable dimension, excellent oil resistance and wear resistance, long-term service temperature 100-120℃; moderate mechanical strength.
Automotive Applications
Fluid pipelines: Commercial vehicle air brake pipes, hydraulic brake hoses, fuel delivery pipes, vacuum tubes
Chassis & Transmission: Door lock gears, seat adjustment racks, sunroof guide sliders, suspension buffer blocks
Precision electrical parts: Engine bay connectors, ignition coil bobbins, fuse box supports
4. PA612
Core Properties: Ultra-low water absorption (~0.3%), excellent dimensional stability, good hydrolysis resistance and low-temperature toughness (-40℃), high flexibility; higher cost than PA610.
Automotive Applications
Multi-layer fuel pipes: Inner oil-resistant layer & outer anti-aging layer matched with EVOH barrier layer
Brake & hydraulic system: ABS hoses, clutch oil pipes, power steering pipes, pipe joints
New energy vehicles: Battery cooling water pipes, high-voltage wire harness sheaths, charging pile connector housings
5. PA11
Core Properties: Bio-based material derived from castor oil, extremely low water absorption (~0.25%), excellent oil & hydrocarbon resistance, weather resistance and fatigue resistance, high flexibility; high cost.
Automotive Applications
Fuel system: Single/multi-layer fuel pipes, fuel filler necks, carbon canister housings (resistant to ethanol gasoline)
Brake system: High-pressure brake hoses, vacuum pipes, pneumatic pipelines
Others: Corrugated pipes, protective sheaths, dust covers, flexible connecting components
6. PA12
Core Properties: The lowest water absorption (~0.2%), optimal dimensional stability, excellent low-temperature resistance (-50℃) and chemical resistance, good flexibility; cost-effective among long-chain nylons.
Automotive Applications (Most widely used specialty nylon)
Fluid delivery: Fuel pipes, brake pipes, clutch pipes, vacuum booster pipes, NEV battery cooling pipes
Interior & Exterior: Instrument panel frames, lever sheaths, door handles, grilles, flexible surface materials
Electronic components: Cable sheaths, sensor housings, connectors, coil bobbins
7. PA46
Core Properties: Ultra-high heat resistance, melting point 295℃, withstand instantaneous temperature up to 300℃, high rigidity and creep resistance; expensive price.
Automotive Applications (Extreme high-temperature working conditions)
Engine compartment: Turbocharger housings, exhaust system peripheral parts, high-temperature wire sheaths, ignition coil cores
Transmission system: High-temperature gears, bearing retainers, timing belt pulleys, reinforced gearbox housings
8. PA1010 / PA1212
Core Properties: Low water absorption, good oil resistance, stable dimension and fine low-temperature toughness; independent domestic production with cost advantages.
Automotive Applications
PA1010: Brake pipes, oil delivery hoses, corrugated pipes, instrument panels, bumpers, wiper components
PA1212: Multi-layer fuel pipes, cooling water pipes, hose joints, electrical enclosures (ideal alternative to PA11 & PA12)
Quick Reference Table
| Grade | Water Absorption | Melting Point | Core Advantages | Typical Auto Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA6 | 1.8% | 220℃ | High toughness, low cost | Air filter housing, fan, door handle |
| PA66 | 1.3% | 260℃ | High strength & heat resistance | Intake manifold, cylinder head cover, water chamber |
| PA610 | 0.4% | 215℃ | Low water absorption, oil resistance | Brake pipe, fuel pipe, gear parts |
| PA612 | 0.3% | 212℃ | Ultra-low water absorption, low temp resistance | Multi-layer fuel pipe, cooling water pipe |
| PA11 | 0.25% | 185℃ | Bio-based, high flexibility | Premium fuel pipe, brake hose |
| PA12 | 0.2% | 178℃ | Minimal water absorption, versatile | Various pipelines, interior parts |
| PA46 | 1.5% | 295℃ | Extreme heat resistance, high rigidity | Turbo housing, exhaust surrounding parts |
Material Selection Guidelines
High-temperature & oil-exposed engine bay parts: Prioritize GF-reinforced PA66; choose PA46 for ultra-high temperature scenarios
Fluid pipeline components: PA610 for general use; PA612/PA12 for precision & low-temperature applications; PA11 for high-end products
Interior & appearance parts: Cost-effective PA6 or PA6/66 copolymer
New energy vehicle parts (low volatile & insulation required): PA12 for thermal management pipes, PA66 for high-voltage components
